A stochastic short-term scheduling of virtual power plants with electric vehicles under competitive markets

• Presentation a stochastic scheduling framework for virtual power plant (VPP). Formulation of bi-level model from viewpoint VPP and electric vehicles (EVs). Investigation the effect EVs' travel patterns on decision making VPP. self-sufficiency factor under competitive conditions. This paper presents risk-averse short-term plants (VPPs) in environment considering potential activating (EVs) smart buildings demand response (DR) programs. In this framework, number EV Parking Lots (PLs) which are jurisdiction its rivals considered that compete to attract EVs through offering strategies. On other hand, owners try choose cheaper PL charging reduce payment costs. Therefore, objective can be conflict with PLs provide services each regard, decision-making problem VPP's should formulated as optimization model, upper-level, profit maximized lower-level, procurement costs responsive loads minimized, simultaneously. To solve proposed problem, it is transformed into traceable mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) using duality theory Karush-Kahn-Tucker (KKT) optimality The tested practical system several sensitivity analyses carried out confirm capability framework.